LSC S1:HEALTH, SAFETY, SECURITYAND ENVIRONMENT

Introduction
Did you ever make things out of materials like paper or plastics using sharp tools like knives and cutters in your childhood? Did you ever injure yourself in the process?
Do you remember how you disposed of the remaining materials after, or how you kept the tools you used? In this chapter you will learn how to protect yourself, observe health and safety precautions while using tools, how to roperly dispose off waste materials, and the proper maintenance of tools.
Health and Safety Precautions
While you are designing something, it is necessary to protect yourself, use tools correctly. Move around in the workshop carefully; generally be aware of the potential sources of accidents or hazards .

Describing health and safety precautions to be observed in
Activity 6.1 a workplace
What you need: Work place, exercise book, tools and equipment, pens and pencils
What to do: In groups, carry out this activity.

1. Observe the general arrangement of the workplace as you are taken through to identify the safety information displayed.
2. Make a chart of general health and safety precautions to be observed in a workshop.

Activity 6.2
Identifying the parts of your body that need protection while working

What you need: A work place, exercise book, pens and pencils
What to do: In groups, carry out this activity.

1. Neatly sketch a person.
2. Use arrows or any means to mark the parts of the body that need protection while working.
3. Identify the protective gear in Figure 6.1 above and name the body parts they protect.
4. Exchange your books with your colleagues to compare your answers and make corrections according to the feedback you receive.

Gadgets and Tools used for Designing in a Workplace
and the Risks Associated with their Use While designing, you need gadgets and tools to help you make articles. Each gadget or tool has risks associated with its use.
In the following activity, you will name the tools and gadgets used in the workplace and the risks associated with their use.

Naming tools and gadgets used in the workplace and the

Activity 6.3
risks associated with their use
What you need: A workplace, notebook, pens and pencil
What to do: In pairs, carry out this activity.

1. Visit a wood or metal workshop in your area.
2. Identify and make a list of common tools/gadgets used in that workshop.
3. State the types of risks associated with the use of each tool.

Record your findings in a table as shown below.

First Aid
While you are carrying out design work using tools and machines, there are risks that can cause harm to your body. Therefore, it is necessary for you to be equipped with knowledge and skills of applying first Aid. What do you understand by first-aid? First aid is important because you could save a
life. Below are important things to take note of. O Common types of injuries in a work place.
O How to respond to such injuries. O You should have a well-equipped first aid box.
Giving First Aid
Before you give first aid, it is important to first know the cause of the problem. It may be a cut, a burn or a bruise. This will enable you to give the appropriate first aid. Common injuries in a workshop are caused by sharp objects and tools. If, for instance, you got a cut on your finger, how could you go about it?

Demonstrating how to give first aid to a victim who has
Activity 6.4
cut a finger
What you need: Drawn pictures and written activities
What to do: In groups, carry out this activity.
Match the procedure of giving first aid with the pictures in Figure 6.2
correctly.
1.Wash your hands with soap and put on gloves.
2.Wash the wound with clean water.
3.Disinfect with spirit soaked in cotton wool.
4.Apply iodine.
5.Cover the wound with gauze after applying iodine.

Waste Materials
While making a product in a workshop, there will always be waste materials generated. This is common when using materials like wood, metal, plastic or clay—as you will discover while carrying out various activities.
Activity 6.5
Identifying waste material generated when making a product and their safe dis osal

What you need: A workplace, exercise books, pen and pencil.
What to do: In pairs, carry out this activity.

1. Visit workplaces in your community and observe the waste generated in those workplaces.
2. Make a list of the items generated in the respective workplaces.
3. Find out how the waste materials are disposed of.
4. Record your findings in a table as shown below.

Safety of Tools, Materials and Equipment
A. Storing materials
It is very important for you to keep materials safely. Materials are stored in different ways because of their nature.
Activity 6.6
Exploring how materials are kept safely
What you need: Exercise books, pens, pencils, pictures and a computer with an internet connection where possible
What to do: Individually carry out this activity.
Observe the following photographs below and state the precautions taken in storage of each material in Figure 6.4.

B. Storing tools and machines
There are different types of tools and machines in different sizes used for different purposes when designing. It is important to keep them safely and also maintain them. Finding out how tools, equipment and machines are stored
Activity 6.7
in a workplace
What you need: A workplace, notebook, pens and pencil
What to do: In pairs, carry out this activity:

1. Move around any workshop and other workplaces around your
   school and observe how tools, equipment and materials are kept.
2. Make Q list of tools and machines you have seen. Indicate how they
   are safely stored and record your answers in the table format shown
   above.