Uganda Certificate of Education

GEOGRAPHY

Paper 1

2 hours 45 minutes

INTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• This paper consists of two sections; A and B. it has six examination items
• Section A has two compulsory items
• Section B has two parts; I and II. Answer one item from each part
• Answer four examination items in all
• You may use diagrams where applicable to illustrate your answers
• Any additional item (s) answered will not be scored
• All answers must be written in the answer booklet (s) provided.
• All items carry equal scores.

SECTION A: Map and Photographic Skills

Answer all items in this section.

ITEM 1: Map Skills

For this item use the East Africa 1:50,000(Uganda) map extract of Lukaya series Y732, sheet 79/2, Edition3-U.S.D, the information in the text below and the support materials in Fig. 1 provided to answer the tasks given:

1. Edgar has lived in Lukaya south of Northing 90 for the last 10 years. He has always been catching fish and carrying out farming on the banks of river Katungulu which activity was discouraged by NEMA officials. He’s curious about why he was stopped from carrying out farming. He thought of digging channels to direct water to his nearby field, but he lacks knowledge on the flow of this river.

Support Material

• (b)

Task: Help Edgar to know direction of flow of this river and why NEMA officials discouraged him from carrying out farming activities on this river’s banks?                                                                                 (5 scores)

Item 1 Answers

1. Direction of flow of river Katungulu is East due to;-
   1. Land being high in the west (contour 3900ft) compared to west (3800ft)
   1. Contour bending facing Eastern direction.

NEMA official discouraged farming activities along river bank because;

• They want to restore water quality in river
• Control swamp reclamation.
• Can lead to flooding of the river banks during rainy season.
• Conserving the environment.

Statement of opinion.

Edgar should accept to stop carrying out farming along the river bank and occupy areas without drainage features.

Scoring

Giving 5 and correct Reponses                                                           scores 06

Giving 4 correct response                                                                   scores 05

Giving 2-3                                                                                        scores 04

Giving 0 or wrong responses                                                                     00

• The government wants to lease part of Lake Victoria South of Northing 91 and East of Easting 80 to Chinese investors for a period of 10 years to manage fishing activities. However, the government lacks information on the size of the area covered by the lake.

Task:

Determine the area covered by the Lake and the total cost to be incurred by the investors for the agreed period if one 1km is leased at a cost of 3.7 million per month.                                                                                           (5 scores)

Answer

• Area=full squares + less full squares divide by 2x1km² Therefore; Full square=28

Less full squares=20

: (28+20/2)x1km² 28+10=38 km²

The area covered by the lake is 38km² .

1km is leased at a cost to be incurred is 3.7m per month Therefore, 3.7mx12months=44.4m(per year)

For a period of 10 years will be; 44.4mx10years=444,000,000/=

Scoring

Accurate calculation                                                                        scores 04

Partially correct calculation                                                              scores 02

Item 2: Photograph Skills

Study Fig. 2, a photograph taken from Ruwenzori area in Western Uganda, and the text provided below it.

You are a geography teacher who has taken learners for a field trip to Kasese specifically Rwenzori areas. One of the learners is very inquisitive about knowing how landforms in the background were formed and how their impact on the lives of local people in the area.

Task:

1. Draw a landscape sketch of the photograph and on it mark and name the features found in the area shown in the photograph.         (4 scores)

Answer

1. A LAND SCAPE SKETCH SHOWING FEATURES SHOWN IN THE PHOTOGRAPH

Note:

The features in the photograph include;

-upland/mountain/hilly area

-building

-electric pole

-tree

-people

Scoring:

Well drawn landscape sketch with all features       scores 04

A sketch with some features poorly drawn              scores 03 A sketch with features poorly drawn                                      scores 02 No sketch                                                                                          00

• Explain to learners the mode of formation of the major landform found in the area shown in the photograph and how they affect the local people.

(6    scores)

Answer

The major landform in the area is mountain/hill.(fault area)

i.            Mode of formation of a block mountain

Compressional forces: pulled apart the earth crust, leading to formation of normal faults, followed by the sinking of the side blocks against the central block.

Tensional forces: Pushed the earth crust towards the same direction, leading to formation of reversed faults, followed by upward movement of the central block.

ii.            How block mountains affect local people Positively:

They modify climate of the area by influencing rainfall formation. Lower slopes contain fertile soils which supports agriculture.

Gentle slopes have hard rocks that forms a strong basement  for construction of roads and settlement.

They are sources of rivers that provide water to the local population.

Negatively:

Mountains harbor labels who endanger human lives. They harbor dangerous wild animal like snakes etc. Steep slopes discourages mechanization.

Steep slopes makes construction of roads expensive.

Scoring

Well elaborated mode of formation and at least 6 impacts (positive and negative) 05

Well elaborated mode of formation and at least 5 impacts (positive and negative) 04

Well elaborated mode of formation and at least 4 impacts (positive and negative) scores 03

Well elaborated mode of formation and at least 2 impacts (positive and negative) scores 02

Elaborated mode of formation and at least 1 impacts (positive and negative) 01 Wrong mode of formation and impacts 00

Statement of opinion                                                                             score 01

People benefit more from mountains than the counterpart.

SECTION B

This section has two parts I and II.

Part I

Answer one item from this part

Item 3

A total solar eclipse happened on 8^th April 2024 had many eulogies. Many local and international media platforms written informing people that it will take almost six days when the world is in total darkness. Such eulogies worried many of African countries because they’re backward in terms of technology and emergency handling. However, on the eve of the eclipse, it was observed in North America, Mexico, US and Canada. Here in Uganda people were observing it from the television and other websites. It started at 2:07p.m EDT (Eastern Day light Time) along Mexico’s Pacific coast when in Uganda it was 8:00pm EAT(East African standard Time.)

Your friend in Canada observed the eclipse from the start to the end. However he doesn’t know how it happen and why it was not visible to the rest of the world particularly Africa.

Support material:

Task

As a geography student, write a letter of about 250-300 words you will send to your friend via email helping him understand this matter well. (10 scores)

Answers

1. Identification of the problem 01

Lack of knowledge about solar eclipse and how it happens

1. The essay must cover the following; Solar eclipse

This is a time when the moon is in between the earth and the sun. It happens during day time.

Total solar eclipse is when the moon fully covers the sun causing total darkness.

It is caused by the rotation of the earth in its orbit around the sun. Where at some point the earth, moon and the sun in the same line (alignment) which blocks the sun’s light to reach the earth.

It happens mostly on the new moon. It can sometimes be partial eclipse or total eclipse.

iii)             Calculation of time:

Time is calculated using longitudes.

Consider the location of a place from the prime meridian Canada is 105◦ W

Uganda is 35 E.

Therefore: 105◦ w + 35◦ E = 140◦ 1◦ = 4minutes

140◦ x 4 minutes = 560minutes 560/60minutes

9hours.

Scoring

So, the time of eclipse in Canada was 11:00am Meaning; 11:00am + 9hours = 8:00pm

Therefore, in Uganda it was 8:00am when the eclipse happen in Canada ta 11:00am

Correct explanation and calculation                                          scores 06 Missing some facts about solar eclipse and correct calculation               scores 05 Missing some facts and wrong calculation                                               scores 04 Wrong information                                                                                       00

Item 4

During Uganda’s mineral exploration, many valuable minerals were discovered in different parts of Uganda such as Gold in Kaabong and Kassanda, oil in Albertine region and wolfram in south western Uganda. However, in a bid to exploit these minerals like Oil from Albertine flats, many infrastructures has to be set like pipeline, drilling station, roads leading to the area etc. this leads to displacement of people in order to create room for infrastructural set up.

People in some communities are against this attempt besides all compensation plans. This is because they lack information about the impact of mineral exploitation particularly oil to their communities and the country at large.

Support Material

TASK

As a minister for mineral development, organize a community meeting and prepare a written speech of 400 words which you will present to convince these communities to embrace the government program.                    (10 scores)

Answers  

1. Identification of the problem 01

Lack of knowledge about positive and negative impacts of oil exploitation communities.

1. The essay should highlight:

Positively

-Setting up of infrastructures like roads used in transporting goods and people.

-Bringing closer of social services like schools and medical services.

-Creation and provision of employment opportunities to local people.

-Government earns revenue to improve other sectors

-Diversification of the economy to reduce over dependence

-Market for the local products is availed by the workers

Negatively

-Gas from oil spills contains hydrocarbons with cause respiratory diseases.

-Land pollution from oil spills leads to loss of lives.

-Loss of soil fertility due to land pollution from oil spills.

-Oil spills contaminates water making it hard for human consumption.

Scoring

Accurately writes the 8 impact of oil exploitation (positive and negative) scores 08 Accurately writes the 6 impact of oil exploitation (positive and negative) scores 06 Accurately writes the 4 impact of oil exploitation (positive and negative) scores 04 Accurately writes the 2 impact of oil exploitation (positive and negative) scores 02 Wrong information             00

1. Statement of opinion                                                                          score 01

It should be convincing people to leave the place in peace and allow government programs to move on.

        ITEM 5

Uganda’s population has continued to increase rapidly over time. It increased from 9.5 million in 1969 to 24.2 million in 2012. The provisional results from the 2014 national population and Housing census were 34.9 million. As we talk today, Uganda’s population is estimated to be over 49.6 million people. 11.7 million People are urban population. According to the previous census, urban population is seen increasing rapidly at a rate of 5.74%. This is due to a number of factors. This rapid urban population has not been addressed for the past years and local people are worried.

Support material:

Source: from population census count and UBOS 2023 with minor changes.

Task

1. Draw a suitable graph to show the information in the table.(4 scores)

Answer

A BAR GRAGH SHOWING POPULATION OF UGANDA FROM 1969 TO 2023.

Scoring

Accurate graph                                                                                   scores 04

Wrong                                                                                                            00

• Using the information provided in the text and table, in not more than 300 words, write an article to be published in one of the local newspaper showing why people are worried.                                                  (6 scores)

Answer

I) Identification of the problem 01

Lack of knowledge about the problem the problems associated to rapid urban population.

ii)                Problems of rapid urban population in Uganda.

-Insecurity of people’s property and lives.

-increased unemployment.

-Outbreak of dangerous diseases like Cholera due poor waste disposal.

-Pressure on social services like health and education

-Development of slums

-Over exploitation of resources.

-Increased rural urban migration.

-High crime rate.

Scoring

Accurately writes the 4 problems of rapid urban population score 04 Accurately writes the 2 problems of rapid urban population score 02 Accurately writes the 1 problems of rapid urban population score 02 Wrong problems 00

1. Statement of opinion                                                score 01 Must talk about what should be done.

ITEM 6

Uganda is open to foreign trade, which accounts for 35% of its GDP (World Bank). The country is a member of numerous international organizations, such as the WTO, COMESA, EAC ETC. Uganda mainly exports coffee, fish, beans and legumes and others whereas imports are led by petroleum, medicaments, road vehicles, and plastics, iron and steel and others. Uganda exports with U.A.E, China, Japan, India, USA, UK and African countries..

Uganda’s trade balance is structurally in deficit. In 2022, exports of good decreased to USD 3.9b from 4.1b while imports reached USD 9.3b. This imbalance in trade has threatened members in your community because they don’t know how to support the government

Support material

A COMPARATIVE LINE GRAPH SHOWING UGANDA’S INTERNATIONAL TRADE FOR THE YEARS 2001 AND 2012.

Source: UBOS, import and export trade 2012.

TASK

1. Using evidence from the graph and the information provided in the above scenario, explain the trend of this trade in the respective years and the likely effects on the development of the country.             (4 scores)

Answer

1. The trend for imports and exports is as follows;-

-From 2001-2002, the amount of exports and imports were both low.

-From 2003-2005, the amount of goods and services imported increased gradually compared to exports.

-From 2005-2008, the amount of goods imported increased rapidly with a gradual increase in exports.

-From 2008-2009, the amount of imports decrease rapidly whereas exports were also gradually reducing.

-From 2009-2012, imports rapidly increased compared to exports.

Scoring

Correct trend                                                                            score 04

Wrong trend                                                                                      00

• If you’re a student of statistics at Makerere University, which kind of advice would you give the finance ministry that can rescue the situation? Use 250 words.                                                                (6 scores)

Answer

i) identification of the problem                                              score 01

1. Giving the solutions to the problem of unbalanced trade. The should cover the following;
   1. Import substitution
   1. Export promotion
   1. Implementing trade policies
   1. Promoting foreign investment
   1. Currency devaluation Scoring

A learner who gives 5 strategies                              score 05

A learner who gives 3-4 strategies                            scores 04

A learner who gives 2-3                                           scores 03

A learner who gives 2                                               scores 02

A learner who gives 1 strategy                                  scores 01

1. Statement of opinion

Appealing to the ministry of finance to implement the above strategies to bridge the gap in trade.

END