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1
|
A pharmacological dose (megadose) of a vitamin is defined as an intake of more than: |
|||
| A) |
two times the RDA. | |||
| B) |
five times the RDA. | |||
| C) |
ten times the RDA. | |||
| D) |
one hundred times the RDA. | |||
|
2
|
Vitamins are classified |
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| A) |
organic and inorganic. | |||
| B) |
fat-soluble and water soluble. | |||
| C) |
essential and nonessential. | |||
| D) |
elements and compounds. | |||
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3
|
All of the following diseases may lead to poor absorption of vitamins A, E, and K except: |
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| A) |
Crohn’s disease. | |||
| B) |
cystic fibrosis. | |||
| C) |
celiac disease. | |||
| D) |
scurvy. | |||
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4
|
Which of the following is not generally a true statement about fat-soluble vitamins? |
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| A) |
Excess amounts are readily excreted from the body. | |||
| B) |
They can be consumed less frequently than the water-soluble vitamins. | |||
| C) |
They are bound to proteins when traveling in the blood. | |||
| D) |
They may accumulate to toxic amounts in the body. | |||
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5
|
One-a-day types of vitamin and mineral supplements: |
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| A) |
are necessary to prevent against nutrient deficiencies. | |||
| B) |
include all known essential vitamins and minerals. | |||
| C) |
are scientifically prepared to ensure a balance of all known essential nutrients. | |||
| D) |
are often not needed by healthy, active adults who regularly eat a varied diet. | |||
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6
|
All of the following methods will help to preserve food nutrients except: |
|||
| A) |
Cut fruits and vegetables into pieces and store before eating. | |||
| B) |
use microwave cooking or steaming for vegetables. | |||
| C) |
refrigerate foods in a moisture-proof container near freezing temperature. | |||
| D) |
all of the above methods preserve vitamins. | |||
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7
|
Which of the following water-soluble vitamins does not pose a particularly high risk of toxicity? |
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| A) |
vitamin B-6 | |||
| B) |
thiamin | |||
| C) |
niacin | |||
| D) |
vitamin C | |||
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8
|
One of the first signs of vitamin A deficiency is: |
|||
| A) |
anemia. | |||
| B) |
jaundice. | |||
| C) |
night blindness. | |||
| D) |
scurvy. | |||
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9
|
One of the last signs of vitamin A deficiency is: |
|||
| A) |
anemia | |||
| B) |
osteoporosis | |||
| C) |
blindness | |||
| D) |
hemorrhage | |||
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10
|
Deficiency symptoms such as respiratory infections, gastrointestinal disturbances, and blindness are related to the role of vitamin A in: |
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| A) |
promoting growth. | |||
| B) |
maintaining healthy tissue. | |||
| C) |
acting as an antioxidant. | |||
| D) |
blood clotting. | |||
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11
|
Of the following, which is a vitamin precursor? |
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| A) |
retinol | |||
| B) |
choline | |||
| C) |
carotenoids | |||
| D) |
1.25(OH)2 vitamin D | |||
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12
|
Identify the best sources of carotenoids. |
|||
| A) |
whole grains, nuts, seeds, egg yolk, and plant oils | |||
| B) |
lean meat, poultry, fish, and legumes | |||
| C) |
corn, peas, and beans | |||
| D) |
pumpkin, carrots, squash, sweet potatoes, and apricots | |||
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13
|
The main active form of vitamin D in the body is: |
|||
| A) |
1,25(OH)2 vitamin D. | |||
| B) |
calcitonin. | |||
| C) |
hydroxyapatite. | |||
| D) |
prohormone vitamin D. | |||
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14
|
Calcification of the soft tissues is a symptom of: |
|||
| A) |
vitamin K deficiency. | |||
| B) |
vitamin D deficiency. | |||
| C) |
vitamin D excess. | |||
| D) |
vitamin A excess. | |||
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15
|
Which of the following symptoms would indicate a vitamin D deficiency in infants and young children? |
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| A) |
abnormally high blood calcium | |||
| B) |
rupture of red blood cells | |||
| C) |
bowed legs | |||
| D) |
abnormally low blood calcium | |||
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16
|
Which of the following is not a good source of vitamin D? |
|||
| A) |
sunshine | |||
| B) |
fatty fish | |||
| C) |
fortified milk and margarine | |||
| D) |
fruit, vegetables, and whole grains | |||
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17
|
Identify one function of vitamin D. |
|||
| A) |
necessary for iron metabolism | |||
| B) |
prevents scurvy | |||
| C) |
acts as an antioxidant | |||
| D) |
aids in the absorption of calcium | |||
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18
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Which of the following substitutes for some of our need for vitamin E? |
|||
| A) |
sodium | |||
| B) |
sulfur | |||
| C) |
silver | |||
| D) |
selenium | |||
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19
|
The need for vitamin E in the diet will increase with an increase in the amount of what other nutrient in the diet? |
|||
| A) |
protein. | |||
| B) |
saturated fatty acids. | |||
| C) |
carbohydrate. | |||
| D) |
polyunsaturated fatty acids. | |||
|
20
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Vitamin E functions in the body: |
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| A) |
to maintain vision and skin integrity, as well as growth of nails and bones. | |||
| B) |
as an antioxidant to prevent cell damage. | |||
| C) |
to calcify bones and teeth. | |||
| D) |
to supply energy and spare protein. | |||
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21
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Vitamin K deficiency is a possible result of: |
|||
| A) |
kidney disease. | |||
| B) |
antibiotic therapy. | |||
| C) |
presence of phytates. | |||
| D) |
insufficient intake of citrus fruits. | |||
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