AGREEABLE AND DISAGREEABLE BEHAVIOR

Keywords.

• Addiction
• Agreeable behaviour
• Analgesics behavior
• Disagreeable behaviour
• Doping
• Drug abuse
• Ethics
• Legislation
• Self – defense
• Stimulant

After studying and practicing the activities in this chapter, you will be able to:

1. Differentiate between agreeable and disagreeable behaviour in society differentiate between agreeable and disagreeable behaviour during performance of physical activities
2. Articulate the ethics of Physical Education and how they can be used in daily life.
3. Describe the features of self – defense and perform skills that build self – defense
4. Learn how to handle different crisis situations
5. Describe the concepts of drug and substance abuse and know about legislations of drug abuse identify the types of prohibited drugs in sports in Uganda
6. Find out the dangers of drug and substance abuse in relation to body health and sports performance
7. Analyses the circumstances that may lead a young for substance addiction person to use drugs and know about sources of support

Introduction

 There are people you admire in your community. Why is that so? Some children respect elders, and easily respond when asked to do something. In school, there are learners who keep time, respect teachers, and adhere to the school rules. However, those who only do the opposite are generally considered a problem.

Likewise, such behaviour may be exhibited by performers of physical activities. Have you ever wondered why we have match officials in a game? Do you know of instances where a game turned rowdy because of the conduct of an individual player or a team? What kind of behaviour was that? In the performance of physical activities, we are usually governed by rules check such behaviours. Games and sports are avenues for learning agreeable behaviour.

 In this chapter therefore, you will learn the agreeable and disagreeable behaviour in society but particularly in Physical Education and sports.

 4.1 Agreeable and Disagreeable Behaviour

All of us have some particular type of conduct, also called behaviour. Learner A is a Senior Three girl. She harasses newcomers, talks arrogantly, boasts of coming from a rich family, and never shares with others. She exhibits disagreeable behaviour. Her brother, Learner B, however, is the exact opposite. He is very friendly, protects newcomers from being bullied, is empathetic, and selfless. He exhibits what we refer to as agreeable behaviour.

Activity 4.1 Agreeable and disagreeable behaviour

Resources

• Manila papers
• Pointer marker
• Notebook

In pairs, study the pictures below and answer the questions that follow:

1. Identify the behaviours represented in the pictures (i) – (IV).

2. Discuss and identify behaviours that are agreeable and those that are disagreeable and fill in the following table.

 3. Basing on your discussion and reflecting on your class, school, and village:

a) Suggest the meaning of agreeable behaviour.

b) Suggest the meaning of disagreeable behaviour.

4. Identify other examples of agreeable and disagreeable behaviour in your society and during the performance of physical activities.

5. How can the agreeable behaviour (ethics) in Physical Education be used in daily life?

6. Choose a leader to present your findings to the class.

Activity 4.2 Publishing agreeable and disagreeable behaviour

Resources

• Manila
• Papers
• Pointer
• Notebook

In groups, write an article pointing out agreeable and disagreeable behaviour in your school for your school website or noticeboard

Consequences of Disagreeable Sportsmanship on an Individual, Team and Community

Our actions and conduct will always have a bearing on us, the teams we belong to and our community. Whereas good sportsmanship does wonders and brings praise to an individual and admiration to the team from society, disagreeable sportsmanship will always do the opposite. Many prominent athletes have had their careers affected by their behaviour and others have lost life because of the same.

Activity 4.3 Consequences of disagreeable sportsmanship on an individual, team and community

Resources

• Notebook
• Pen
• Paper
• Marker
• Pointer

In your groups:

1 Reflect on a match you recently watched.

2. List the disagreeable behaviours you saw among the players

3. What do you think is the consequence of such behaviour on the individual, team and society?

4. Choose a leader to display your work to the class.

Ethics during performance of physical activities develop character that is important when living in society. Performance of physical activities instills respect and concern for others. These are important attributes for one to live in society. Someone who has therefore been performing physical activities will easily adhere to set norms, respect others, and show love.

4.2 Self – defense

 If a learner with a javelin attacked and stabbed you for not revealing the person who reported him to the teacher, you would try to protect yourself from further harm. This act of protecting yourself is known as self – defense.

There are many instances that may call for self – defense. These include rape, robbery, ambush and other such scenarios. Learning basic self – defense tactics is therefore inevitable for our safety and survival.

The ability to quickly escape or disable the attacker is a necessity. Being prepared beforehand is important if you are to survive such ugly scenarios.

Activity 4.4 Understanding self – defense

Resources

• Manilla papers
• Pointer
• Marker
• Notebook
• Pen

Figure 4.1 Self – defense

 In groups, observe the following illustrations.

1. What do you think is happening in the above illustrations?

2. Suggest what each person being attacked as shown in (i) – (iii) can do to be safe.

3. Discuss other scenarios where you may need to protect yourself from being harmed.

 4 Discuss and state the meaning of self – defense.

5. Present your findings to the class.

Self – defense activities when attacked from behind

There are certain instances where one is attacked from behind. The arms and the mouth are usually held so that it is impossible for one to make noise.

Activity 4.5 performing an elbow strike when attacked from behind

Resources

• Activity area
• In pairs:

Carefully look at the following illustrations.

1. Perform the activities leading to the elbow strike without a partner.
2. Perform the activity whereby one plays the role of the attacker and the other the victim.
3. Suggest other ways one can get free from such an attack.
4. Choose a leader to present your findings to the class.

Activity 4.6 How to defend yourself when attacked from behind (bear hug attack)

Resource

• Activity area

 In pairs:

1. Carefully observe the following illustrations.

2. Alternatively, perform the activities leading to fleeing when attacked as in the pictures.

3. How else can one get free from such an attack?

4 Choose a leader to present your findings to the class.

Self – defense when held from the front

 Whereas attacks from the front are not common, they are also possible. They are particularly common when girts or women are to be raped. It is essential that one gets a way of fleeing when attacked in this way.

Activity 4.7 performing a grain kicks when attacked from front

Resource

• Activity area

In pairs;

1. Carefully observe the following illustrations.

2. Perform the activities leading to a groin kick without a partner.

3. Perform the activity as attacker and victim alternately.

4 What other thing can you do to get away from such an attack?

5. Choose a leader to present your findings to the class

Self – defense when being choked

When attacked, it is common that the attacker may want to choke you. The attacker usually does so by holding you by the throat so that breathing becomes impossible. You must think fast to be able to survive such an attack.

Activity 4.8 saving yourself when someone tries to choke you

Resource

• Activity area

 In pairs;

Carefully observe the following illustrations.

1. Perform the activity where one plays the role of the attacker and the other the victim.
2. What else can you do to get away from such an attack?
3. What would you do to an attacker if he is choking you from behind or directly in front?
4. Choose a leader to present your findings to the class.

 Self – defense when attacked by an animal

What if you were attacked by an animal on your way home? The most common are dogs. You must be in position to minimize the danger such an attack may pose.

2. Perform the activities leading to fleeing when attacked by an animal.

3. Perform the activity as the animal and victim alternately.

4. What else can you do to get away from such an attack?

5. Choose a leader to present your findings to the class.

NOTES

• When attacked one must be very creative.
• The aim should be getting away from the attacker.
• Aim at using everything at your disposal. Your keys or even shoes may become a weapon.
• Aim at parts that disable the attacker and make him weak giving you time to run. These include the eyes, the chin, the lower leg, the side of the neck, and the nose.

4.3 Handling a Crisis

 In life, we are sometimes faced with difficulty or impending danger. For example, you could be in an exam and your pen stops working. Such sudden difficulties are known as crises, you may be faced with fires, floods, or lightning. People have lost lives and property to these crises. Do you know that a lot could be saved if we knew how to handle such crises? We lose lives and property under such circumstances, only because we have no idea of what needs to be done.

 Activity 4.10 How to handle emergencies

Resources

• Notebook
• Pens
• Manilla papers

 In groups:

1. Carefully observe the following pictures. Pointer charts

2. Figures above show different emergencies or crises.

3. Identify what is happening in each picture.

 4. Give examples of other possible crises that you have ever heard of or encountered.

5. What could be done if such or other emergencies struck?

6. Present all your answers on a chart and elect a leader to present your findings to the class for evaluation.

USING A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

In our schools and homes, there can be incidents of fire outbreaks. Some of the fires can easily be put out using an extinguisher. Therefore, knowing how to use a fire extinguisher can save life and properly

Activity 4.11 using a fire extinguisher

In groups:

1. Observe the following illustrations.

2. Follow the instructions to use a fire extinguisher.

3. Observe the others using it and advice.

 4. Suggest local materials that can be used in the absence of a fire extinguisher

NOTE Remember the PASS acronym (P – Pull, A- Aim, S – Squeeze, S- Sweep)

 ICT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Using an appropriate device, make a video recording of a student using a fire extinguisher. Keep this recording so you can use it to educate new students on the use of fire extinguishers in your school.

Emergency numbers to call in danger

 Most times, you may be faced with a crisis and have no idea what to do. There are emergency numbers that you can call for help.

IMPORTANT NOTE

 When you make an emergency call, always give the following information in this order; incident address, nature of the emergency, house number, street name and nearest crossroad. Others like name and telephone number can be given later. In case the call ends abruptly, they can easily call you or know where they need to go

4.4 The Concept of Drug and Substance Abuse

Taking a drug without prescription is abuse. Do you take coffee? What about alcohol, tobacco, and energy drinks? Did you know that there are drugs like caffeine in some of those drinks? Caffeine is regarded as a drug because it stimulates the central nervous system causing increased alertness. Pens pointer charts we take drugs when we are sick while others like caffeine are taken in drinks. Drugs that are good for our health are taken according to the prescription of technical personnel. If taken irresponsibly, we say they have been abused and can have fatal effects. Such is what we refer to as drug and substance abuse.

Activity 4.12 Understanding drug and substance abuse

 Listen to a medical practitioner sensitizing your class on drug abuse and its dangers.

In small groups:

1. Reflect on the substances usually taken to change the mood and functioning of the person.
2. What do you understand by the terms drug, drug use, and drug abuse?
3. List the drugs commonly used and their effects on the body.
4. What drugs are used by athletes and what effects do they have on the users?
5. Where can drug addicts get support from?
6. What laws govern the use of drugs in your community?
7. Prepare your answers in form of a newspaper article for publication on your noticeboard or school magazine.

NOTE Uncontrolled use of drugs brings about addiction (severe substance use disorder); a condition where one cannot stop the use of a drug even when it has proved dangerous.

SUPPORT FOR DRUG ADDICTS

• Research reports on drug abuse indicate that people take drugs to feel good, relieve stress, improve performance and because of peer pressure. This uncontrolled use of drugs brings about an intense focus (addiction) on using that type of drug or substance such as alcohol and tobacco. Drug addicts are aware of the negative effects of drugs but still use them. Addiction causes health problems, work performance problems, relationship problems, and death. All these can be avoided by:
• Formal assessment by a health professional Medication to control the urge for the drug
• Hospitalization
• Therapeutic communities such as rehabilitation centers
• Guidance and counseling?

Did You Know!

• The harmful use of alcohol results in 3.3 million deaths each year.
• On average, every person in the world aged 15 years older drinks 6.2 litres of pure alcohol per year.
• Less than half the population (38.3 %) actually drinks alcohol which means that they on average consume 17 litres of pure alcohol annually.
• Some 31 million persons have drug use disorders.
• Almost 11 million people inject drugs, of which 1.3 million are living with HIV, 5.5 million with hepatitis C, and 1 million with both HIV and hepatitis C. Source: WHO, 2020

Legislation on Drugs in Uganda and Drug Prohibition Laws

Uganda, just like other countries, prohibits the irresponsible use of drugs and has lows against the use of many drugs. Some are because of its membership to bodies that have international legislation against these drugs.

Activity 4.13 Exploring cases of drug abuse in sports 

Resources

• Computer
• Modem or Wi-Fi
• Notebooks

1. Visit the websites www.drugabuse.gov and www.webmd.com to read about drug abuse in Uganda.
2. Find out the causes and consequences of drug abuse.
3. Prepare a news clip about drug abuse to present to the school assembly.

Revision Questions

1. Write an article condemning disagreeable behaviour in your school. The different behaviours in the article should be picked from the class, outside class and the dormitory area.
2. The ultimate objective of self – defense moves is to enable the victim flee from danger.
3. What do you understand by self – defense?
4. With reference to your community, what situations may call for self – defense and how would one come out of them?
5. Define drug abuse in the simplest terms.
6. Discuss the causes of drug abuse among the youth in Uganda.

Chapter Summary

 In this chapter, you have learnt that:

• Disagreeable behaviour is cond4ct that is unpleasant to other people (unethical behaviour)
• Self – defense is the tactical use of force and other strategies to counter possible and immediate harm.
• There are a number of crises we may face and these include fire, floods and lightning. These can be fatal and cause death. We all need to learn how and when to do what when faced with these to avoid loss of lives and property.
• When in danger , call 999 or 112 ( Police ) , 0800 285 285/0800 385 385 ( UMEME ) , 0800 200 977/0800 300 977 ( NWSC ) , and 0800199099/0718357497 ( Traffic ) .
• Agreeable behaviour is conduct that is pleasant or acceptable to other people ethics).
• A drug is any substance which has a physiological effect when introduced into the body by ingestion or any other means. Drugs include energy boosters, pain relievers, excitement stimulating drugs, performance boosters, alcohol and inhalants, anxiety reducing drugs, and relaxation drugs.
• Uncontrolled use of drugs brings about addiction. Drug addicts can be handled by a health professional put on medication, hospitalized, referred to rehabilitation centres, and initiated on guidance and counseling
• Uganda, just like other countries, prohibits the use of drugs and has laws against the use of many drugs.

 You now understand the agreeable and disagreeable behavior in society and in the field of physical performance and sports.

You can, therefore, advocate for sportsmanship in Physical Education and Sports, become an advocate of agreeable behavior, sensitize masses on the dangers of drug and substance abuse, and embrace Physical Education and sports to improve the conduct in society.