LSC S1:Plant Structure

Introduction
Plant Structure, In primary, you studied about plants. These plants have different parts. What does each part of the plant do?
In this chapter, you will be able to identify the different pans of flowering plants and their functions. The major parts of flowering plants include the roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. However, these pans in some plants, are modified.

These modifications enhance the survival and productivity of the flowering plants in their habitats. Flowering plants are essential to the society since they are used in various ways to satisfy different needs.
7.1: External Parts of a Flowering Plant

Activity 7.1: Discovering external parts of a typical flowering plant
What you need: poems, pictures of flowering plants, notebooks, stylus, slate, and perkins brailler and braille papers
What to do

1. Study the poem.

Fig. 7.1: Poem on the external structure of flowering plants
2. What are the external parts of the plant?
3. What are the functions of the plant you have identified?
4. A part from those mentioned in the poem, what are the other functions of parts of the plant.

7.2: Functions of Roots, Stems, Leaf, Flowers and fruits to a Plant
Flowers
Flowers are so beautiful, but have you ever thought of features inside a flower. How is it organised? In Activity 7.2, you are going to find out the parts of a flower and their functions.

Activity 7.2: Discovering the parts of a flower and their uses
What you need: dissecting kit and a flower, notebooks, stylus, slate, and perkins brailler and braille papers
What to do:
In pairs:

1. Go to the field and obtain a flower of your own choice or your teacher can provide you with the flowers.
2. Cut the flower longitudinally into two equal halves. You can ask your teacher for assistance.
   Task:
3. Identify the parts of the flower.
4. How are the parts of the flower important to the plant?
5. Compile a report and present to your teacher for evaluation.

A flower maybe a male, a female or bisexual. If it contains only a collection of male parts called stamens, it is then called a staminate flower. If it contains only a collection of female parts called pistils, it is called a pistillate flower. A flower that is not actively reproducing is called a sterile flower.

Activity 7.3: Discovering how roots, stems, leaves and fruits are important to the plant
What you need: notebooks, stylus, slate, and perkins brailler and braille papers What to do:

In pairs: Go to the field and obtain a complete herbaceous plant with roots of your own
choice or your teacher can provide you with the plant. Task: In small groups, discuss functions of different parts of a plant.

I. With reasons, identify the class of the herbaceous plant.

2. Describe the different part of the plant. How are the different parts important to the plant.
3. Compile a report and present to the rest of the class.

7.3: Various Uses of Parts of a Plant by Society
A typical flowering plant has several organs, these include; the fruits, flowers, roots leaves and the stem. These organs have different functions that they perform to the plant:
Among plants, the most common and diverse are the flowering plants. They support the growth of many other species like birds, monkeys and even human beings. We depend not only on the flowering plants, or angiosperms, themselves, but also on the many organisms that they support in order to survive and multiply.

Activity 7.4: Discovering how the society uses different parts of the flowering plant What you need: notebooks, stylus, slate, and perkins brailler and braille papers

What to do: In a group, study Figure.7.2 and:

1. state the plant organ(s) each item is made from.
2. what are the other uses of flowering plants to society
3. prepare a role play on the uses of flowering plants to the society.
4. compile a report and present your work to the class.
   Fruits
   Look at mangoes, apples, passion fruits as the only fruits. But did you know that even a bean pod is a fruit? So, every plant that bears flowers produces fruits.

Activity 7.5: Discovering the parts of a fruit and their importance
What you need: Simulation or animation showing the parts of a fruit, notebooks, stylus, slate, and perkins brailler and braille papers

What to do

1. Watch or listen to the simulation on parts of a fruit.
2. Cut the tomato fruit, avocado and bean pod longitudinally. Observe the
   features of the fruits.
   Task:
   In small groups discuss and:
3. Give reasons why the specimens provided are called fruits?
4. Describe the arrangement of seeds in each of the specimens.
5. What type of placentation is shown by each of the specimens?
6. How are the fruits important to you and\or the society?
7. Compose a poem on how fruits are important to you and the society.
8. Present your findings to the rest of the class.
   7.4: Modifications of Roots and their Functions for both the Plant and the Society
   Roots and their Modifications
   What holds the plant in the soil? Of course you will say it is the roots. Do you think about they have other functions apart from that? In Activity 7.6, you are going to find out other functions of roots.
   Activity 7.6: Discovering examples of modified roots
   What you need: Animation or a simulation on modified roots, roots, notebooks, stylus, slate, and perkins braille and braille papers

What to do:

1. Watch a simulation or animation on modified roots.
2. Observe the modified roots provided. Answer the questions below. Group Discussion: In small groups:
3. What are the modifications of each specimen for its function?
4. Give examples of other modified roots apart from the ones provided.
5. What is the significances of each of the modifications identified in (2) above.
6. Compose and perform a short skit on how modified roots are important to the society.
   Some roots are adapted to perform other functions in addition to absorbing water and mineral and providing anchorage to the plant.
   Leaves and their Modifications
   Leaves are majorly for carrying out photosynthesis. Do you know that leaves are modified to carryout other functions? What are these modifications?

Some plants have leaves that are capable of performing other functions in addition to carrying out photosynthesis. Stems and their Modifications
Stems are modified to carry oüt other functions apart from supporting the shoot system.
In Activity 7.6, you will discover various stem modifications.
Activity 7.8: Discovering features of modified stems
What you need: Animation or a simulation showing modified stems and onion bulb, ginger and irish potato tuber, notebooks, stylus, slate, and perkins brailler and braille papers.

What to do:
Watch or listen attentively then perform and then answer the questions below:
Task: In a group, discuss and:
1. Give reasons why the specimens provided are called stems.
2.What are the modifications on each specimen. How are the modifications
important to the plants?
3.How are modified stems important to you or the society?
4.Give examples of other modified stems apart from the ones provided.
5.Discuss the significance of each of the modifications identified in (4) above.
6.Compare your findings with the rest of the class.
Some plants have stems that do other functions in addition to transporting water, minerals, and food to different parts of the plant and supporting the shoot system.