SCI/P/5:BOTTLE FEEDING

LESSON 1

BOTTLE FEEDING:

This is done by filling a bottle with boiled cow milk or powdered milk and then giving it to the baby to suckle

Advantages of bottle feeding

• It can be used when the mother dies.
• It controls the spread of HIV/AIDS.
• It can be used when the mother is at work.
• The baby can be fed in the absence of the mother.

Disadvantages of bottle feeding:

1. • It can easily be contaminated by houseflies
   • Bottles are difficult to clean properly hence causing germs to grow and spread.
   • Bottle milk can easily get contaminated causing sickness to the baby
   • Powdered milk is time consuming and difficult to prepare.
   • Cow’s or tinned powdered milk is expensive to buy
   • Some cow’s milk or powdered milk may be diluted so much causing milk lacking a complete diet.

VULNERABLE GROUPS

These are groups of people who are easily harmed by not having enough different types of to eat.

OR

These are groups of people who need special care and attention.

Examples of vulnerable groups:

• Pregnant women and their un born children
• Breast feeding women and their breast fed children
• Weaning children
• Sick people
• Elderly people

People with special needs in the community

• Sick people
• The elderly
• Disabled
• Young people

Care for people with special needs

• Protection

• Medication
• Proper feeding
• Washing for them

LESSON 2

EACH VULNERABLE GROUP NEEDS A DIFFERENT TYPE OF DIET FROM OTHERS

1. Babies and children:

The special diet for babies and children includes;

Body building foods which contains proteins

Some of the foods which give us proteins are eggs, meat, milk, beans, fish and chicken

Proteins are needed in the making new body cells

New body cells are used for growth and repairing damaged body tissues and organs

Proteins are also needed to make enzymes and antibodies

Lack of proteins leads to sickness called kwashiorkor.

Kwashiorkor is a deficiency disease.

PROTECTIVE FOODS PROVIDE VITAMINS AND MINERALS

• Some sources of vitamin are liver, milk, fruit and vegetables.
• Vitamins and minerals help the body to resist diseases and boost body immunity
• A mineral like calcium is used in the growth of bones and teeth.
• Energy giving food are rich in carbohydrates:
• Some sources of carbohydrates are cassava, millet, maize and rice.
• If a child does not get enough carbohydrates he/she will develop a deficiency disease called marasmus
• Carbohydrates are needed in the body to generate energy
• FATS: These are used to produce energy to maintain body temperature and make the skin soft.

2. PREGNANT WOMEN AND THEIR UNBORN CHILDREN

Pregnant women need to eat food that will be enough for herself and for the un born baby growing in her womb.

A pregnant woman needs a balanced diet containing the following

Proteins

To build the body tissues of the embryo growing inside her womb and also repair her worn out cells.

Carbohydrates

To give her enough energy to carry the foetus in her womb and also to do her jobs

Iron

To build hemoglobin in her own and in her unborn baby

Calcium

To build strong bones and teeth of the unborn baby inside her womb.

Vitamin

To protect her and unborn baby from catching infections

3. BREAST FEEDING WOMEN AND THEIR BREAST FED CHILDREN

• Breast milk is the only food required for a baby up to four months
• A breast feeding mother needs to eat foods and drink fluids that will help her body produce enough milk for her baby
• She needs extra foods from all food values but two important ones needed are;
• Fluids
• To stimulate the production of more milk in her breast such as clean boiled water, milk, fruit juices, bushera, porridge etc
• Calcium
• To replace the calcium in her body that the child is taking in the breast milk

4.Weaning children

This is the gradual introduction of semi solid foods to baby other than breast milk alone

It is better to start weaning the child at four months because of the following reasons;

1. The baby’s body needs more nutrients because the body is growing
2. The baby needs to get iron from other foods because the iron it was born with is used up and the mother’s breast milk does not contain iron
3. To prevent deficiency diseases like kwashiorkor and marasmus.

How to start weaning children:

1. • Start with semi-liquid foods like porridge in which milk is added
   • Introduce one type of food at time until the baby gets used to it to avoid diarrhoea as the baby stomach is still weak to digest solid foods
   • Continue feeding frequently using other weaning food like porridge, mashed matooke, mashed posho, mashed rice, mashed fruit or all the food can be mashed and given at the same time
   • Remember children have small stomachs and need many meals a day.
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     5. SICK PEOPLE

     These need good food and extra fluids in order to help the body fight sickness.

     Most of the foods include the following;

     Proteins:

     To repair the worn out cells during sickness

     Vitamin and minerals salts:

     The most important are vitamin C, Calcuim and iron to build the body defence and also help in manufacture of blood.

     Fluids:

     To prevent dehydration

     Such foods include clean boiled water, fruit juices, ribena, lucozade, tea, soup, from meat, fish soup.

     Frequent feeding:

     Sick people may not be able to eat very much at one time so they should be fed with easy food.

      

     6. Elderly people:

     When people grow old, they often lose their teeth which cause health problems, such that they do not crush their food for easy digestion which can cause indigestion or constipation.

     So elderly people need the following food which is easy to eat such as minced meat, fish without bones, mashed fruits etc.

     Frequent feeding because they may not be to eat very much at one time.